Several factors influence second language acquisition (SLA)—the concepts of motivation and self-efficacy linked to SLA success. Regarding linguistic outcomes, motivation is a significant contributor, whereas self-efficacy is a component of social, metacognitive, and cognitive strategies. Students with varying levels of motivation and self-efficacy attribute diverse reasons for their success and failure in learning a second language, so these elements are crucial in determining one's level of success in learning a second language. This study analyzes self-efficacy and motivation as contributing factors to second language acquisition. This paper gathered and reviewed journal articles on motivation and self-efficacy in second language acquisition from various journals in the field using thematic analysis. The method for this study uses a literature review to demonstrate the contribution of the factors of self-efficacy and motivations to second language acquisition. Self-efficacy and motivation improve students' learning performance in various language skills. The implications of this study benefit language teachers by helping learners create positive beliefs about themselves and improve their confidence in their abilities to learn a second language.