Abstrak

          Layung merupakan salah satu kerabat durian endemik Kalimantan yang keberadaannya saat ini hampir tergolong punah. Jenis durian ini padahal memiliki keunikan warna kulit yang menarik serta rasa sangat manis. Oleh sebab itu perlu dilakukan konservasi secara in vitro. Penelitian kultur jaringan menggunakan eksplan biji layung baru dilakukan pertama kali sehingga perlu diteliti prosedur sterilisasinya pada beberapa pola pembelahan biji. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh interaksi antara formulasi sterilan dengan pembelahan biji dan formulasi sterilan terbaik terhadap pembelahan biji layung secara in vitro. Percobaan didesain menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) faktorial dua faktor. Faktor yang pertama berupa pola pembelahan, yaitu: biji utuh, biji dibelah dua membujur dan biji dibelah dua melintang. Faktor kedua berupa formulasi sterilisasi, yaitu: tween 20, fungisida, bakterisida, alkohol 70%, Dettol 20%, Dettol 10%, Betadine dan tween 20, fungisida, bakterisida, alkohol 70%, Dettol 20%, Dettol 10%, sublimat 0,1%, Betadine. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap waktu muncul kontaminasi, waktu muncul browning, persentase kontaminasi (1-4 MST), persentase browning (1-4 MST) dan persentase eksplan hidup (1-4 MST). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa interaksi antara kedua faktor tidak berpengaruh nyata. Perlakuan pola pembelahan biji berpengaruh nyata terhadap persentase kontaminasi 1, 3 dan 4 MST serta persentase eksplan hidup 1, 3 dan 4 MST.  Biji utuh menghasilkan persentase kontaminasi terkecil dan persentase hidup terbesar pada umur 1, 3 dan 4 MST.

Kata kunci: biji, durio, layung, pembelahan, sterilan

Abstract

            Layung is one of endemic durian from Kalimantan, whose exixtence is classified as almost extinct. Even though this type of durian has an attractive skin color and a very sweet taste. Therefore it is necessary to do in vitro conservation. This is the first time of tissue culture using layung seed explants has been carried out, so it is necessary to study the sterilization procedure for several seed splitting patterns. This study aims to determine the effect of the interaction between sterile formulations and seed splitting and the best sterilant formulations on splitting layung seeds in vitro. The experiment was designed using a two factor factorial completely randomized design (CRD). The first factor is the splitting pattern, i.e. whole seeds, seeds halved longitudinally and seeds halved transversely. The second factor was a sterilization formulation, i.e. tween 20, fungicide, bactericide, alkohol 70%, Dettol 20%, Dettol 10%, Betadine dan tween 20, fungicide, bactericide, alkohol 70%, Dettol 20%, Dettol 10%, sublimat 0,1%, Betadine. Observation were made on the time of contamination appeared, the time browning appeared, the percentage of contamination (1-4 WAP), the percentage of browning (1-4 WAP) and the percentage of live explants (1-4 WAP). The results showed that the interaction between the two factors had no significant effect. The seed splitting pattern treatment had a significant effect on the percentage of contamination at 1, 3 and 4 WAP and the percentage of live at 1, 3 and 4 WAP. Whole seeds produced the smallest percentage of contamination and the highest percentage of live at 1, 3 and 4 WAP.

Keywords: seed, durio, layung, splitting, sterilant