Pengaruh Teknik Sterilisasi dan Konsentrasi BAP terhadap Pertumbuhan Eksplan Bonggol Pisang Cavendish

The Effect of Sterilization Techniques and BAP Concentration on the Growth of Cavendish Banana Corm Explants

Rizky Auladina^*1), Dewi Erika Adriani^*2), Nofia Hardarani^*2)

^*1)Mahasiswa Program Studi Agronomi, Jurusan Agronomi, FakuItas Pertanian, ULM

^*2)Dosen Program Studi Agronomi, Jurusan Agronomi, FakuItas Pertanian, ULM JI. Jend. A. Yani Km. 36, Banjarbaru, KaIimantan SeIatan. Kode Pos 70714

E-mail: rizkyauladina9495@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to examine the individual, interaction, and combined effects of sterilization techniques and BAP (Benzyl Amino Purine) concentrations on the growth of Cavendish banana (Musa acuminata AAA) corm explants. The experiment was conducted at the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarbaru, from July to October 2024. The research employed a factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two treatment factors. The first factor was sterilization technique (S), consisting of three levels: S1 (Tween + UV light exposure for 1 hour), S2 (0.2% fungicide + 0.2% bactericide + 70% alcohol + 30% bleach + 20% bleach), and S3 (0.2% fungicide + 0.2% bactericide + 20% bleach). The second factor was BAP concentration (B), which included three levels: B1 (3 mg L?¹), B2 (5 mg L?¹), and B3 (7 mg L?¹).

The observed parameters included time to contamination appearance (days after planting), contamination percentage, time to browning appearance, browning percentage, explant survival percentage, time to shoot emergence, number of shoots, shoot height, time to root emergence, and number of roots. The interaction between sterilization technique and BAP concentration had a highly significant effect on contamination appearance time, browning percentage at weeks 1, 2, and 5, explant survival rate at weeks 5 and 6, shoot emergence time, and number of shoots at week 6. A significant effect was also found for contamination percentage at week 3 and explant survival at week 4, while no significant effect was observed for other parameters.

Furthermore, the interaction showed a highly significant effect on contamination appearance time, browning percentage at weeks 4, 5, and 6, browning percentage across weeks 1 to 6, explant survival at week 6, shoot emergence time, number of shoots at weeks 6 and 12, and shoot height at weeks 6 and 12. A significant effect was also observed on contamination percentage at week 2 and number of roots at weeks 6 and 12. Other variables were not significantly influenced by the interaction. As single factors, both the sterilization technique and BAP concentration had strong effects. The sterilization technique had a highly significant influence on all observed variables. The BAP concentration significantly affected contamination percentage (weeks 1–6), browning percentage (weeks 1–6), explant survival (weeks 5 and 6), time to shoot emergence, number of shoots (weeks 6 and 12), and shoot height at week 6. It also significantly influenced contamination appearance time, explant survival at weeks 2, 3, and 4, and shoot height at week 12. Among all treatment combinations, S3B3 (sterilization with fungicide, bactericide, and 20% bleach combined with 7 mg L?¹ BAP) was identified as the most effective. This combination significantly affected contamination appearance time, contamination percentage, browning percentage, explant survival, number of shoots, shoot height, and number of roots, making it the recommended protocol for optimizing in vitro growth of Cavendish banana corm explants.

Keywords: BAP, browning, banana and sterilisasi

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh interaksi, masing – masing dan kombinasi teknik sterilisasi dan konsentrasi BAP (Benzil Amino Purin) terhadap pertumbuhan eksplan bonggol pisang Cavendish. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Tanaman Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Lambung Mangkurat Banjarbaru pada bulan Juli-oktober 2024. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktorial dengan faktor pertama adalah teknik sterilisasi (S)yang terdiri dari 3 (tiga) perlakuan, yaitu s₁ (Tween + penyinaran lampu UV selama 1 jam) s₂ (fungisida 0,2% + bakterisida 0,2% + alkohol 70% + Bayclin 30% +Bayclin 20%),  s₃ (fungisida 0,2% + bakterisida 0,2% + Bayclin 20%). Faktor kedua adalah konsentrasi BAP (B) yang terdiri atas 3 (tiga ) taraf, yaitu: b₁  (3 mg L^-1 ), b₂ (5 mg L^-1 ) b₃ (7 mg L^-1 ).Pengamatan penelitian ini meliputi waktu muncul kontaminasi (HST), persentase kontaminasi (%), waktu muncul browning (HST), persentase browning (%), persentase eksplan hidup (%), waktu muncul tunas, jumlah tunas, tinggi tunas, waktu muncul akar, dan jumlah akar. Interaksi antara tekik sterilisasi dan konsentrasi ZPT BAP berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap  waktu muncul kontaminasi, persentase browning pada 1, 2,dan 5 MST, persentase eksplan hidup pada 5 dan 6 MST, waktu muncul tunas, jumlah tunas 6 MST, berpengaruh nayata pada persentase kontaminasi 3 MST  dan persentase eksplan hidup 4 MST dan tidak berpengaruh nyata pada perlakuan lainnya

Interaksi antara teknik sterilisasi dan konsentrasi ZPT BAP berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap  waktu muncul kontaminasi, persentase browning pada 4, 5 dan 6 MST, Persentase browning 1-6 MST, persentase eksplan hidup pada 6 MST, waktu muncul tunas, jumlah tunas 6 dan 12 MST, tinggi tunas 6 dan 12 MST  berpengaruh nyata pada persentase kontaminasi 2 MST dan jumlah akar 6 dan 12 MST dan tidak berpengaruh nyata pada perlakuan lainnya. Faktor tunggal Teknik sterilisasi tanam berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap semua peubah pengamtan.  Faktor tunggal konsentrasi ZPT BAP berpengaruh nyata terhadap persentase kontaminasi 1-6 MST, persentase browning 1-6 MST, persentase eksplan hidup 5 dan 6 MST, waktu muncul tunas, jumlah tunas 6 dan 12 MST, tinggi tunas 6 MST, berpengaruh nyata terhadap waktu muncul kontaminasi, persentase eksplan hidup 2, 3, dan 4 MST , tinggi tunas 12 MST.Faktor teknik sterilisasi dan konsentrasi BAP yang dapat dijadikan perlakuan kombinasi adalah perlakuan s₃b₃ dengan pengamatan yang berpengaruh adalah waktu muncul kontaminasi, persentase kontaminasi, persentase browning, persentase eksplan hidup, jumlah tunas, tinggi tunas dan jumlah akar

Kata kunci: BAP, browning, pisang dan sterilisasi