KEANEKARAGAMAN DAN KELIMPAHAN PLANKTON DI PERAIRAN SERANKOTABANJARBARU PROVINSI

KALIMANTAN SELATAN

PLANKTON DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE IN SERAN WATERS BANJARBARU CITY SOUTH KALIMANTAN PROVINCE

Dinda Sulistya Nurrafita¹, Abdur Rahman², Rizmi Yunita³, Yunandar⁴

^1,2,3,4)Program Studi Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan

Fakultas Perikanan Dan Kelautan, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Jl. A. Yani Km 36, Banjarbaru 70714

Email : 2110714120009@mhs.ulm.ac.id

ABSTRAK

Perairan Seran di Kecamatan Landasan Ulin, Kota Banjarbaru, merupakan bekas galian tambang intan yang kini dimanfaatkan sebagai kawasan wisata dan ruang terbuka hijau. Meskipun telah berkembang menjadi area rekreasi, perairan ini berpotensi terpapar zat hara dan logam berat yang dapat memengaruhi kualitas air dan ekosistem. Plankton sebagai organisme dasar rantai makanan akuatik sangat sensitif terhadap perubahan lingkungan, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai indikator biologis untuk menilai kondisi ekosistem perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan plankton serta tingkat kesuburan perairan Seran. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada 21–28 April 2025 dengan metode purposive sampling di tiga stasiun berdasarkan karakteristik lingkungan, yaitu alami, bekas galian, dan permukiman. Parameter yang diamati meliputi kelimpahan plankton, indeks keanekaragaman (H’), keseragaman (E), dominansi (D), serta tingkat kesuburan perairan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa indeks keanekaragaman fitoplankton berkisar 1,277–1,7594 dan zooplankton 0–0,3818. Kelimpahan tertinggi tercatat sebesar 440 sel/liter untuk fitoplankton dan 53 ind/liter untuk zooplankton. Stasiun 1 menunjukkan kualitas air terbaik dengan keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan tertinggi, sedangkan Stasiun 3 menunjukkan kondisi tercemar akibat aktivitas permukiman, ditandai dengan nilai BOD, COD, dan fosfat yang melebihi baku mutu. Hasil ini menunjukkan pentingnya pengelolaan berkelanjutan untuk menjaga kualitas ekosistem perairan Seran.

Kata Kunci : Keanekaragaman plankton, kualitas air, danau tambang

ABSTRACT

Seran Waters, located in Landasan Ulin District, Banjarbaru City, is a former diamond mining site that has been transformed into a recreational area and green open space. Despite its development as a tourist destination, the waters remain potentially exposed to nutrients and heavy metals that may affect water quality and the aquatic ecosystem. Plankton, as primary organisms in the aquatic food chain, are highly sensitive to environmental changes and can serve as biological indicators for assessing ecosystem conditions. This study aims to determine the diversity and abundance of plankton and the fertility level of Seran Waters. The research was conducted from April 21 to 28, 2025, using purposive sampling at three stations based on environmental characteristics: natural, former mining site, and residential area. Observed parameters included plankton abundance, diversity index (H'), evenness index (E), dominance index (D), and water fertility level. The results showed that the phytoplankton diversity index ranged from 1.277 to 1.7594, and the zooplankton index ranged from 0 to 0.3818. The highest abundance was recorded at 440 cells/L for phytoplankton and 53 ind/L for zooplankton. Station 1 exhibited the best water quality with the highest diversity and abundance, while Station 3 was the most polluted due to residential activities, as indicated by BOD, COD, and phosphate levels exceeding quality standards. These findings highlight the importance of sustainable management to preserve the water ecosystem quality in Seran.

Keywords: Plankton diversity, water quality, mining lake