KEANEKARAGAMAN DAN KELIMPAHAN PLANKTON PADA SUB DAS TABALONG DAN SUB DAS BALANGAN PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN

DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE OF PLANKTON IN THE TABALONG RIVER AND THE BALANGAN RIVER, SOUTH KALIMANTAN PROVINCE

Kuko Sinddy Tolosang, Abdur Rahman

Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Jl. A. Yani Km 36, Banjarbaru 70714

Email : ksinddy@gmail.com

ABSTRAK

Penelitian mengenai keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan plankton telah dilakukan di Sungai Tabalong serta Sungai Balangan, Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui status mutu perairan serta menggambarkan struktur komunitas plankton berdasarkan indeks ekologi. Parameter yang diamati meliputi parameter fisika (suhu, kecerahan), kimia (pH, oksigen terlarut, nitrat, fosfat), serta parameter biologi berupa kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman plankton. Metode pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara grab sampling, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan indeks Shannon-Wiener (H’), indeks keseragaman (E), dan indeks dominasi (D), serta metode Indeks Pencemaran (IP) dan Indeks Kualitas Air (IKA) untuk menilai mutu air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman plankton bervariasi antar stasiun, dengan dominasi fitoplankton dari filum Chlorophyta dan Cyanophyta. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman berkisar antara 1,3–2,0 yang mengindikasikan stabilitas komunitas sedang hingga baik. Nilai indeks pencemaran menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar lokasi tergolong dalam kategori tercemar ringan. Dengan demikian, keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan plankton dapat dijadikan bioindikator yang baik untuk mendeteksi kualitas perairan dan tingkat pencemaran.

Kata Kunci: plankton, keanekaragaman, kualitas air, indeks pencemaran, Kalimantan Selatan

ABSTRACT

A study on the diversity and abundance of plankton was conducted in the Tabalong River and the Balangan River, South Kalimantan Province. This study aimed to assess water quality status and describe plankton community structure using ecological indices. Observed parameters included physical (temperature, transparency), chemical (pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, phosphate), and biological components such as plankton abundance and diversity. Water samples were collected using the grab sampling method and analyzed using Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’), evenness index (E), dominance index (D), as well as the Pollution Index (PI) and Water Quality Index (WQI) to determine overall water quality status. Results showed variations in plankton diversity and abundance across stations, with phytoplankton from the Chlorophyta and Cyanophyta phyla being the most dominant. Diversity index values ranged from 1.3 to 2.0, indicating moderate to good community stability. The pollution index indicated that most sites were classified as lightly polluted. Therefore, plankton diversity and abundance can serve as effective bioindicators for assessing water quality and pollution levels.

Keywords: plankton, diversity, water quality, pollution index, South Kalimantan