Abstract: This study discusses the criminal law policy of copyright regarding the obligation to pay royalties for the playback of songs or music. The main problem arises because the enforcement of criminal sanctions in Article 113 of Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright has not been optimal due to the low legal awareness of commercial business actors who still consider music playback merely as entertainment. This study uses a normative legal research method with a statute approach and a conceptual approach. The results of the study indicate that the policy of formulating criminal sanctions in the Copyright Law is in line with modern criminal theory (combined/integrative theory) which not only emphasizes the deterrence effect, but also the protection of society and the restoration of the economic rights of creators. However, because the basic legal relationship is rooted in private financial losses (private to private), the placement of criminal sanctions must function as a last resort (ultimum remedium). Therefore, current copyright criminal law policy is more directed towards the concept of restorative justice through penal mediation outside the court in order to prioritize the recovery of real economic losses of creators rather than rigid repressive sanctions.

Keywords: Criminal Law Policy, Copyright, Music Royalties, Modern Criminal Purposes

Abstrak: Penelitian ini membahas mengenai kebijakan hukum pidana hak cipta atas kewajiban pembayaran royalti terhadap pemutaran lagu atau musik. Permasalahan utama muncul karena penegakan sanksi pidana dalam Pasal 113 Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta belum berjalan optimal akibat rendahnya kesadaran hukum pelaku usaha komersial yang masih menganggap pemutaran musik hanya sebagai hiburan semata. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan formulasi sanksi pidana dalam Undang-Undang Hak Cipta sejalan dengan teori pemidanaan modern (teori gabungan/integratif) yang tidak hanya menekankan efek jera (deterrence effect), melainkan juga perlindungan masyarakat dan pemulihan hak ekonomi kreator. Namun, karena hubungan hukum dasarnya berakar pada kerugian finansial yang bersifat privat (private to private), penempatan sanksi pidana harus difungsikan sebagai upaya terakhir (ultimum remedium). Oleh karena itu, kebijakan hukum pidana hak cipta saat ini lebih diarahkan pada konsep keadilan restoratif (restorative justice) melalui mediasi penal di luar pengadilan demi mengutamakan pemulihan kerugian ekonomi nyata para pencipta ketimbang sanksi represif badan yang kaku.

Kata Kunci: Kebijakan Hukum Pidana, Hak Cipta, Royalti Musik, Tujuan Pemidanaan Modern