STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS PLANKTON DI DESA TABANIO DAN PAGATAN BESAR, KABUPATEN TANAH LAUT

STRUCTURE OF PLANKTON COMMUNITIES IN TABANIO AND PAGATAN BESAR VILLAGES, TANAH LAUT REGENCY

M.Khoirun Al Khalik ¹⁾, Dini Sofarini ²⁾, Yunandar ³⁾

1,2,3) Program Studi Manajemen Sumberaya Perairan

Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Jl. A. Yani Km 36, Banjarbaru, 70714

Email: m.khoirunalkhalik31@gmail.com

ABSTRAK

Wilayah pesisir Desa Tabanio dan Pagatan Besar merupakan kawasan perairan muara yang dipengaruhi oleh aktivitas antropogenik seperti pemukiman penduduk, pelabuhan, dan kegiatan perikanan. Aktivitas tersebut berpotensi mepengaruhi struktur komunitas plankton yang berperan sebagai bioindikator kualitas perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis struktur komunitas plankton meliputi kelimpahan (N), indeks keanekaragaman (H'), indeks keseragaman (E), dan indeks dominasi (C), serta mengukur kondisi fisika-kimia kualitas air. Sampel plankton diambil menggunakan plankton-net dengan ukuran 20μm– 30 μm di tiga stasiun yang berbeda selama tiga kali pengulangan sampel dengan interval pengambilan sampel satu kali per minggu dengan metode purposive sampling, kemudian diidentifikasi menggunakan metode Sedgwick Rafter Counting Cell di Laboratorium Kualitas Air dan Hidro-Bioekologi Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan ULM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan fitoplankton yang ditemukan sebanyak 25 genus dari 4 filum, yaitu Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, dan Dinoflagellata, dengan filum Bacillariophyta paling mendominasi. Kelimpahan fitoplankton berkisar 120–520 sel/L, tergolong perairan kurang subur (oligotrofik). Indeks keanekaragaman fitoplankton berkisar 1,27–2,38 (sedang), indeks keseragaman berkisar 0,79–0,97 (tinggi), dan indeks dominasi berkisar 0,10–0,24 (rendah). Zooplankton yang ditemukan sebanyak 2 genus dari filum Rotifera (Brachionus sp.) dan Arthropoda (Nauplius sp.), dengan kelimpahan 0–60 ind/L. Keanekaragaman dan keseragaman zooplankton tergolong rendah, sedangkan dominasi tergolong tinggi. Parameter fisika-kimia seperti DO, pH, suhu, dan salinitas masih memenuhi Baku Mutu Air PP No. 22 Tahun 2021 Kelas II, namun konsentrasi TSS melebihi ambang batas yang ditetapkan. Secara keseluruhan, kondisi perairan Desa Tabanio dan Pagatan Besar masih dapat menunjang kehidupan plankton, meskipun beberapa parameter perlu mendapat perhatian dalam pengelolaan kualitas perairan ke depan.

Kata Kunci:Struktur Komunitas, Plankton, Bioindikator, Kualitas air, Muara Sungai

ABSTRACT

The coastal area of Tabanio Village and Pagatan Besar represents an estuarine water zone influenced by anthropogenic activities such as residential settlements, ports, and fisheries operations. These activities potentially affect the plankton community structure, which serves as a bioindicator of water quality. This study aimed to analyze the plankton community structure, encompassing abundance (N), diversity index (H'), evenness index (E), and dominance index (C), as well as to measure the physicochemical conditions of water quality. Plankton samples were collected using a plankton net with a mesh size of 20 – 30 μm at three different stations over three sampling replicates with a one-week sampling interval using the purposive sampling method, and subsequently identified using the Sedgwick Rafter Counting Cell method at the Water Quality and Hydro-Bioecology Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Lambung Mangkurat University (ULM). The results revealed that phytoplankton comprised 25 genera from 4 phylum Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, and Dinoflagellata with Bacillariophyta being the most dominant. Phytoplankton abundance ranged from 120 – 520 sells/L, classifying the waters as nutrient-poor (oligotrophic). The phytoplankton diversity index ranged from 1.27 – 2.38 (moderate), the evenness index from 0.79 – 0.97 (high), and the dominance index from 0.10 – 0.24 (low). Zooplankton consisted of 2 genera from the phylum Rotifera (Brachionus sp.) and Arthropoda (Nauplius sp.), with an abundance of 0 – 60 ind/L. Zooplankton diversity and evenness were categorized as low, while dominance was categorized as high. Physicochemical parameters such as DO, pH, temperature, and salinity still met the Water Quality Standards of Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021, Class II however, TSS concentrations exceeded the established threshold. Overall, the water conditions of Tabanio Village and Pagatan Besar can still support plankton life, although several parameters require attention in future water quality management.

Keywords: Community Structure, Plankton, Bioindikator, Water Quality, Estuarine