ABSTRAK

Kualitas air menentukan keberhasilan pembenihan dan pembesaran ikan betok. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi kondisi fisika-kimia air serta menentukan status mutu kolam pada Kelompok Pembudidaya Ikan di Kecamatan Karang Intan. Pengamatan dilakukan pada kolam pembenihan dan pembesaran selama dua hari dengan interval enam jam, yaitu pukul 18.00, 00.00, 06.00, dan 12.00 WITA. Suhu, pH, oksigen terlarut (DO), kecerahan, dan salinitas diukur secara in situ, sedangkan nitrat, nitrit, dan amonia dianalisis secara ex situ. Status mutu ditentukan menggunakan Indeks Pencemaran berdasarkan Kepmen LH Nomor 115 Tahun 2003 dengan nilai acuan yang dimodifikasi untuk tahap pembenihan dan pembesaran. Rata-rata suhu pada kedua kolam sebesar 29,27 °C. Nilai pH dan DO masing-masing 7,12 dan 7,12 mg/L pada kolam pembenihan serta 8,25 dan 7,67 mg/L pada kolam pembesaran. Kecerahan mencapai 50 cm pada pembenihan dan 14 cm pada pembesaran. Konsentrasi nitrat relatif rendah, tetapi nitrit mencapai 0,78 dan 0,24 mg/L, sedangkan amonia mencapai 9,55 dan 15,50 mg/L. Nilai Indeks Pencemaran terkoreksi sebesar 10,59 pada pembenihan dan 11,25 pada pembesaran, sehingga keduanya tergolong cemar berat. Amonia menjadi parameter dominan dan memerlukan pengendalian melalui pergantian air bertahap, penyifonan endapan, pengaturan pakan, kepadatan yang sesuai, dan penggunaan biofilter matang.

Kata kunci: amonia; budidaya; ikan betok; Indeks Pencemaran; kualitas air

ABSTRACT

Water quality is a decisive factor in the nursery and grow-out culture of climbing perch. This study evaluated the physicochemical condition and pollution status of ponds managed by a fish farmers group in Karang Intan District. Observations were conducted in nursery and grow-out ponds over two days at six-hour intervals (18:00, 00:00, 06:00, and 12:00 WITA). Temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), transparency, and salinity were measured in situ, while nitrate, nitrite, and ammonia were analyzed ex situ. Water status was assessed using the Pollution Index method under Ministerial Decree No. 115/2003 with stage-specific reference values. Mean temperature was 29.27 °C in both ponds. Mean pH and DO were 7.12 and 7.12 mg/L in the nursery pond, and 8.25 and 7.67 mg/L in the grow-out pond. Transparency was 50 cm in the nursery pond and 14 cm in the grow-out pond. Nitrate remained low, whereas nitrite reached 0.78 and 0.24 mg/L, and ammonia reached 9.55 and 15.50 mg/L. Corrected Pollution Index values were 10.59 for the nursery pond and 11.25 for the grow-out pond, classifying both as heavily polluted. Ammonia was the dominant pressure and should be controlled through gradual water exchange, sediment siphoning, feed management, appropriate stocking density, and mature biofiltration.

Keywords: ammonia; climbing perch; Pollution Index; water quality; aquaculture