ABSTRAK

PENGARUH GEL KOMBINASI KITOSAN SISIK IKAN HARUAN (Channa Striata) DAN HIDROKSIAPATIT TERHADAP

CRYSTALLINITY INDEX ENAMEL

Cetri Bonifasia Sihombing, Deby Kania Tri Putri, Yusrinie Wasiaturrahmah, Amy Nindia Carabelly, Alfi Yasmina

Latar Belakang: Karies gigi merupakan masalah kesehatan mulut dengan prevalensi di Indonesia mencapai 43,44%. Demineralisasi enamel akibat penurunan pH rongga mulut menjadi faktor utama perkembangan karies. Agen remineralisasi seperti CPP-ACP umum digunakan, namun dapat menyebabkan alergi pada pasien dengan Cow's Milk Allergy (CMA). Gel kombinasi kitosan sisik ikan haruan (Channa striata) dan hidroksiapatit dikembangkan sebagai alternatif agen remineralisasi yang aman dan efektif.Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh gel kombinasi kitosan sisik ikan haruan (Channa striata) dan hidroksiapatit terhadap Crystallinity Index (CI) enamel sebagai indikator potensi remineralisasi.Metode: Penelitian eksperimental murni menggunakan 12 sampel gigi premolar pertama rahang atas yang dibagi menjadi empat kelompok: kontrol negatif (demineralisasi tanpa perlakuan), perlakuan gel kombinasi kitosan 5% dan hidroksiapatit 10%, perlakuan gel kombinasi kitosan 10% dan hidroksiapatit 10%, serta kontrol positif (CPP-ACP). Demineralisasi dilakukan dengan asam fosfat 37% selama 15 detik. Gel diaplikasikan dua kali sehari selama 14 hari. Pengukuran CI dilakukan menggunakan ATR-FTIR dengan membandingkan absorbansi pada panjang gelombang 1030 cm?¹ dan 1020 cm?¹. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji One Way ANOVA dilanjutkan uji post hoc Bonferroni.Hasil: Nilai CI tertinggi diperoleh pada kelompok gel kombinasi kitosan 10% dan hidroksiapatit 10% (rerata 4,18±0,76), diikuti kitosan 5% dan hidroksiapatit 10% (2,94±0,16), CPP-ACP (2,57±0,37), dan terendah pada kontrol negatif (1,62±0,43). Uji One Way ANOVA menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna antar kelompok (p=0,003).Kesimpulan: Gel kombinasi kitosan sisik ikan haruan (Channa striata) dan hidroksiapatit terbukti meningkatkan Crystallinity Index enamel secara bermakna dibandingkan kelompok tanpa perlakuan. Gel kombinasi kitosan 10% dan hidroksiapatit 10% menunjukkan peningkatan CI tertinggi, bahkan melampaui CPP-ACP, sehingga berpotensi sebagai agen remineralisasi topikal alternatif dalam kedokteran gigi preventif.

Kata Kunci:  Crystallinity Index, demineralisasi, hidroksiapatit, kitosan sisik   Channa striata, remineralisasi enamel.

ABSTRACT

EFFECT OF COMBINED GEL OF HARUAN FISH SCALE CHITOSAN (Channa Striata) AND HYDROXYAPATITE ON ENAMEL
CRYSTALLINITY INDEX

Cetri Bonifasia Sihombing, Deby Kania Tri Putri, Yusrinie Wasiaturrahmah, Amy Nindia Carabelly, Alfi Yasmina

Background: Dental caries is a major oral health problem with a prevalence of 43.44% in Indonesia. Enamel demineralization caused by reduced oral pH is the primary factor in caries progression. Commonly used remineralizing agents such as CPP-ACP may trigger allergic reactions in patients with Cow's Milk Allergy (CMA). A combined gel of haruan fish scale chitosan (Channa striata) and hydroxyapatite was developed as a safe and effective alternative remineralization agent.Objective: To analyze the effect of combined gel of haruan fish scale chitosan (Channa striata) and hydroxyapatite on enamel Crystallinity Index (CI) as an indicator of remineralization potential.Methods: A true experimental laboratory study was conducted using 12 maxillary first premolar samples divided into four groups: negative control (demineralization without treatment), combined gel of 5% chitosan and 10% hydroxyapatite, combined gel of 10% chitosan and 10% hydroxyapatite, and positive control (CPP-ACP). Demineralization was performed with 37% phosphoric acid for 15 seconds. Gel was applied twice daily for 14 days. CI was measured using ATR-FTIR by comparing absorbance at 1030 cm?¹ and 1020 cm?¹. Data were analyzed using One Way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test.Results: The highest CI was observed in the 10% chitosan and 10% hydroxyapatite group (mean 4.18±0.76), followed by 5% chitosan and 10% hydroxyapatite (2.94±0.16), CPP-ACP (2.57±0.37), and the lowest in the negative control (1.62±0.43). One Way ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences between groups (p=0.003).Conclusion: The combined gel of haruan fish scale chitosan (Channa striata) and hydroxyapatite significantly increased enamel Crystallinity Index compared to the untreated group. The combination of 10% chitosan and 10% hydroxyapatite demonstrated the highest CI improvement, surpassing CPP-ACP, indicating its potential as an alternative topical remineralizing agent in preventive dentistry.

Keywords: Crystallinity Index, demineralization, enamel remineralization, Channa striata fish scale chitosan, hydroxyapatite.