ABSTRAK

Penggunaan Styrofoam yang masif menimbulkan masalah lingkungan yang serius karena sulit terurai dan bersifat karsinogenik akibat kandungan stirena. Biodegradable foam (biofoam) berbasis pati tapioka dengan ampas kopi sebagai filler dikembangkan sebagai kemasan alternatif ramah lingkungan. Ampas kopi dipilih karena merupakan limbah agroindustri melimpah yang mengandung lignoselulosa tinggi, sedangkan polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) ditambahkan untuk memperbaiki performa fisik dan mekanik biofoam. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dua faktor, yaitu konsentrasi ampas kopi (10%, 20%, 30%) dan konsentrasi PVA (0%, 2%, 4%), dengan 3 kali ulangan sehingga diperoleh 27 unit percobaan. Biofoam dicetak menggunakan alat thermopressing pada suhu 210 °C (cetakan atas) dan 200 °C (cetakan bawah) selama 4 menit. Karakteristik biofoam diuji melalui kadar air, daya serap air, kuat tekan, biodegradasi, dan morfologi, serta uji hedonik warna, aroma, dan tekstur. Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dilanjutkan DMRT, sedangkan data hedonik dianalisis dengan Kruskal-Wallis dilanjutkan uji Tukey. Hasil menunjukkan peningkatan konsentrasi ampas kopi dan PVA berpengaruh nyata (p<0,05) meningkatkan kadar air dan daya serap air, serta menurunkan kuat tekan biofoam. Seluruh perlakuan terdegradasi sempurna (100%) dalam 30 hari. Berdasarkan metode pembobotan pemeringkatan, formula terbaik adalah K1P1 (ampas kopi 10%, PVA 0%) dengan kadar air 5,21%, daya serap air 41,46%, kuat tekan 15,37 kgf. biodegradasi 100%, kesukaan warna 4,67, aroma 4,18, dan tekstur 4,50.

Kata kunci: Biodegradable foam, ampas kopi, polyvinyl alcohol, tapioka, kemasan ramah lingkungan.

ABSTRACT

The massive use of styrofoam has caused serious environmental problems due to its non-biodegradable nature and carcinogenic styrene content. Biodegradable foam (biofoam) based on tapioca starch with spent coffee grounds as a filler was developed as an eco-friendly packaging alternative. Spent coffee grounds were selected as an abundant agroindustrial waste rich in lignocellulose, while polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was added to improve the physical and mechanical performance of biofoam. This study used a two-factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD), namely spent coffee ground concentration (10%, 20%, 30%) and PVA concentration (0%, 2%, 4%), with 3 replications, resulting in 27 experimental units. Biofoam was molded using a thermopressing tool at 210 °C (upper mold) and 200 °C (lower mold) for 4 minutes. Biofoam characteristics were tested through moisture content, water absorption compressive strength, biodegradation, and morphology, as well as hedonic tests for color aroma, and texture. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by DMRT, while hedonic data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis followed by Tukey's test. Results showed that increasing concentrations of spent coffee grounds and PVA significantly (p<0.05) increased moisture content and water absorption, while decreasing compressive strength. All treatments achieved complete biodegradation (100%) within 30 days. Based on the ranking-weighting method, the best formula was K1P1 (10% spent coffee grounds. 0% PVA) with a moisture content of 5.21%, water absorption of 41.46%, compressive strength of 15.37 kgf, biodegradation of 100%, and hedonic scores of 4.67 (color), 4.18 (aroma), and 4.50 (texture).

Keywords: Biodegradable foam, spent coffee grounds, polyvinyl alcohol, tapioca, eco-firendly packaging.