RINGKASAN

Taufiq. S 2026. Penilaian Bioakumulasi Logam Berat (Cd dan Hg) Pada Biji  Kopi Yang Dibudidayakan Di Dekat Lahan Pascatambang Emas. Pembimbing: Prof. Dr.Ir.Raihani Wahdah, M.S. , Dr. Ir. Fakhrul Razie, M.Si., Dan Dr. Ir.  Yusuf Aziz , M.Sc.

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kadar logam berat kadmium (Cd) dan merkuri (Hg) pada tanah, akar, dan biji kopi yang dibudidayakan di sekitar lahan pascatambang emas tanpa izin (PETI) di Desa Sambangan, Kecamatan Bati-Bati, Kabupaten Tanah Laut, Kalimantan Selatan. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Februari–Juni 2025 menggunakan metode stratified random sampling berdasarkan tiga zona jarak dari lubang bekas tambang, yaitu 0–50 m, 50–100 m, dan 100–150 m. Sebanyak 9 titik pengamatan menghasilkan 27 sampel yang terdiri atas 9 sampel tanah, 9 sampel akar, dan 9 sampel biji kopi. Analisis kadar Cd dan Hg dilakukan menggunakan Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Data dianalisis secara deskriptif menggunakan median dan interquartile range (IQR), serta secara inferensial menggunakan uji Kruskal–Wallis, uji lanjut Dunn–Bonferroni, dan regresi linier. Mekanisme akumulasi logam dievaluasi melalui perhitungan Bioaccumulation Factor (BAF), Translocation Factor (TF), dan Transfer Factor.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar Hg tanah menurun seiring bertambahnya jarak dari lubang bekas tambang, dengan median masing-masing 0,063 mg kg?¹ (0–50 m), 0,034 mg kg?¹ (50–100 m), dan 0,026 mg kg?¹ (100–150 m). Perbedaan kadar Hg tanah antara lokasi terdekat dan terjauh berbeda nyata (p < 0,05). Sebaliknya, kadar Cd tanah relatif rendah dan seragam pada seluruh lokasi penelitian. Median kadar Hg pada akar berkisar 0,037–0,052 mg kg?¹ dan pada biji sebesar 0,005 mg kg?¹, sedangkan median kadar Cd pada akar berkisar 0,035–0,082 mg kg?¹ dan pada biji 0,005–0,016 mg kg?¹. Kadar Hg dan Cd pada akar maupun biji tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata antar lokasi.

Analisis bioakumulasi menunjukkan bahwa tanaman kopi mampu menyerap dan mengakumulasi logam berat, terutama Cd, pada sistem perakaran. Nilai TF Hg dan Cd yang seluruhnya kurang dari satu menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar logam tertahan pada akar dan hanya sedikit yang ditranslokasikan ke biji kopi. Dari aspek keamanan pangan, kadar Hg dan Cd pada seluruh sampel biji kopi masih berada di bawah batas maksimum cemaran logam berat menurut SNI 7387:2009, WHO/FAO, dan Codex Alimentarius. Dengan demikian, biji kopi yang dibudidayakan di sekitar lahan pascatambang emas pada lokasi penelitian masih memenuhi persyaratan keamanan pangan dan relatif aman untuk dikonsumsi.

Kata kunci: kadmium, merkuri, lahan bekas tambang emas, kopi, bioakumulasi, translokasi, Kabupaten Tanah Laut.

SUMMARY

Taufiq. S 2026. Assessment of Heavy Metal Bioaccumulation (Cd and Hg) in Coffee Beans Cultivated Near Post-Gold Mining Land. Supervisor:Prof. Dr.Ir.Raihani Wahdah, M.S. , Dr. Ir. Fakhrul Razie, M.Si., Dan Dr. Ir.  Yusuf Aziz , M.Sc.

This study aimed to analyze the concentrations of cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) in soil, roots, and coffee beans cultivated near artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) post-mining areas in Sambangan Village, Bati-Bati District, Tanah Laut Regency, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. The study was conducted from February to June 2025 using a stratified random sampling method based on three distance zones from abandoned mining pits, namely 0–50 m, 50–100 m, and 100–150 m. A total of nine sampling points produced 27 samples consisting of 9 soil samples, 9 root samples, and 9 coffee bean samples. Cd and Hg concentrations were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Data were analyzed descriptively using median and interquartile range (IQR), and inferentially using the Kruskal–Wallis test, Dunn–Bonferroni post hoc test, and linear regression analysis. Heavy metal accumulation mechanisms were evaluated through the calculation of Bioaccumulation Factor (BAF), Translocation Factor (TF), and Transfer Factor.

The results showed that soil Hg concentrations decreased with increasing distance from the abandoned mining pits, with median values of 0.063 mg kg?¹ at 0–50 m, 0.034 mg kg?¹ at 50–100 m, and 0.026 mg kg?¹ at 100–150 m. The difference in soil Hg concentration between the nearest and the farthest zones was statistically significant (p < 0.05). In contrast, soil Cd concentrations were relatively low and uniform across all sampling locations. Median Hg concentrations in coffee roots ranged from 0.037 to 0.052 mg kg?¹ and were 0.005 mg kg?¹ in coffee beans. Median Cd concentrations ranged from 0.035 to 0.082 mg kg?¹ in roots and from 0.005 to 0.016 mg kg?¹ in coffee beans. No significant differences in Hg and Cd concentrations in roots and coffee beans were observed among the sampling zones.

Bioaccumulation analysis indicated that coffee plants were capable of absorbing and accumulating heavy metals, particularly Cd, in their root systems. The TF values of both Hg and Cd were consistently below one, indicating that most of the absorbed metals were retained in the roots and only a small fraction was translocated to the coffee beans. From a food safety perspective, Hg and Cd concentrations in all coffee bean samples were below the maximum permissible limits established by the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 7387:2009), WHO/FAO, and the Codex Alimentarius. Therefore, coffee beans cultivated near the post-gold mining area studied can be considered compliant with food safety standards regarding Hg and Cd contamination and are relatively safe for consumption.

Keywords: cadmium, mercury, post-gold mining land, coffee, bioaccumulation, translocation, Tanah Laut Regency.