ABSTRAK

Maesarah, 2110413320048, 2025: “Optimalisasi Peran Pemerintah Desa Dalam Perlindungan Masyarakat Dari Dampak Negatif Pertambangan PT Borneo Indobara di Desa Banjarsari Kecamatan Angsana Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu” Dibimbing Oleh Gazali Rahman.

 Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis optimalisasi peran pemerintah lokal dalam melindungi masyarakat dari dampak negatif aktivitas pertambangan di Desa Banjarsari, Kecamatan Angsana, Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu, Kalimantan Selatan. Aktivitas pertambangan memberikan manfaat ekonomi, namun juga menimbulkan permasalahan sosial dan lingkungan seperti pencemaran air, kerusakan lahan, konflik sosial, serta penurunan kualitas hidup masyarakat, sehingga diperlukan peran aktif pemerintah desa dalam upaya perlindungan masyarakat.

 Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan teknik reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan.

 Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas pertambangan di Desa Banjarsari menimbulkan dampak yang signifikan terhadap aspek lingkungan, sosial, dan ekonomi masyarakat. Dampak lingkungan yang dirasakan meliputi peningkatan debu, kerusakan infrastruktur jalan desa, penurunan kualitas air, serta meningkatnya risiko longsor di sekitar permukiman, yang berdampak pada kesehatan dan kualitas hidup masyarakat. Dari aspek sosial, pertambangan memicu konflik lahan, ketimpangan distribusi manfaat ekonomi, perubahan struktur sosial, serta pergeseran mata pencaharian masyarakat yang menyebabkan ketergantungan ekonomi terhadap perusahaan tambang. Pemerintah Desa Banjarsari telah berupaya melindungi masyarakat melalui penguatan regulasi desa, peningkatan kapasitas aparatur, pengelolaan CSR, pelibatan masyarakat, serta kolaborasi dengan perusahaan dan pemangku kepentingan lainnya. Pemerintah desa juga berperan dalam memediasi konflik sosial dan memfasilitasi aspirasi warga terkait dampak pertambangan PT Borneo Indobara. Namun, pelaksanaan peran tersebut belum optimal akibat keterbatasan kewenangan hukum, rendahnya kapasitas teknis aparatur, lemahnya koordinasi dengan pemerintah kabupaten, serta dominasi perusahaan tambang, sehingga perlindungan masyarakat dan pemulihan lingkungan belum berjalan maksimal.

 Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, pemerintah desa diharapkan memperkuat kelembagaan lokal dan partisipasi masyarakat, pemerintah kabupaten memberikan dukungan regulatif dan teknis, serta perusahaan tambang menjalankan CSR secara transparan dan berkelanjutan agar tata kelola pertambangan yang berkeadilan dapat terwujud.

Kata kunci: Pemerintah Lokal, Perlindungan Masyarakat, Dampak Pertambangan, Optimalisasi, Desa Banjarsari.

ABSTRACT

Maesarah, 2110413320048, 2025: “Optimizing the Role of the Village Government in Protecting the Community from the Negative Impacts of PT Borneo Indobara's Mining Operations in Banjarsari Village, Angsana Subdistrict, Tanah Bumbu Regency” Supervised by Gazali Rahman.

 This study aims to analyze the optimization of the local government’s role in protecting communities from the negative impacts of mining activities in Banjarsari Village, Angsana District, Tanah Bumbu Regency, South Kalimantan. While mining activities contribute to economic development, they also generate social and environmental problems, including water pollution, land degradation, social conflicts, and a decline in community quality of life. These conditions highlight the importance of an active role of village government in community protection.

 This research employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive research design. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, and analyzed using data reduction, data display, and conclusion-drawing techniques.  Research findings indicate that mining activities in Banjarsari Village have significant impacts on the environmental, social, and economic aspects of the community. Environmental impacts include increased dust, damage to village road infrastructure, declining water quality, and heightened landslide risks around settlements, which affect community health and quality of life. From a social perspective, mining triggers land conflicts, unequal distribution of economic benefits, changes in social structures, and shifts in livelihoods that create economic dependence on the mining company. The Banjarsari Village Government has sought to protect the community through strengthened village regulations, enhanced capacity of apparatus, CSR management, community involvement, and collaboration with companies and other stakeholders. The village government also plays a role in mediating social conflicts and facilitating residents' aspirations regarding the impacts of PT Borneo Indobara's mining operations. However, the implementation of these roles has not been optimal due to limitations in legal authority, low technical capacity of apparatus, weak coordination with the district government, and the dominance of the mining company, resulting in suboptimal community protection and environmental restoration. 

 Based on these findings, village governments are expected to strengthen local institutions and community participation, regency governments should provide stronger regulatory and technical support, and mining companies should implement CSR programs in a transparent and sustainable manner to achieve fair and sustainable mining governance. 

Keywords: Local Government, Community Protection, Mining Impact,

Optimization, Banjarsari Village.