ABSTRAK

Wigati Astuti, 2210413220040, 2026 Pendekatan Aktor dalam Proses Politik Kebijakan Pengembangan Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) untuk Meningkatkan Pendapatan Asli Desa (PADes) di Desa Bungai Jaya, Kecamatan Basarang, Kabupaten Kapuas. Di bawah bimbingan Ibu Sandra Bhakti Mafriana.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pendekatan aktor dalam proses politik kebijakan pengembangan badan usaha milik desa untuk meningkatkan pendapatan asli desa di Desa Bungai Jaya, Kecamatan Basarang, Kabupaten Kapuas. Pengembangan BUMDes tidak hanya dipahami sebagai aktivitas ekonomi, melainkan juga hasil dari peran dan interaksi politik antar aktor pemerintah desa, Badan Permusyawaran Desa (BPD), pengurus BUMDes dan  masyarakat.

Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan audio visual, kemudian dianalisis dengan teknik reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan.

Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pendekatan aktor dalam proses politik kebijakan pengembangan BUMDes untuk meningkatkan PADes di Desa Bungai Jaya belum sepenuhnya optimal karena adanya berbagai kendala  seperti peran antar aktor yang tidak seimbang dalam perumusan kebijakan pada saat rapat musyawarah evaluasi BUMDes,  dominannya peran aktor pemerintah desa dalam pengambilan keputusan, perubahan mekanisme pengawasan BPD, dan juga masalah terkait honorium pengurus BUMDes. Serta dalam pengelola unit adanya kendala seperti keterbatasan sarana dan prasarana, sehingga berdampak pada kontribusi BUMDes terhadap PADes.

Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penguatan tata kelola BUMDes yang transparan, partisipatif, dan akuntabel serta dukungan penyertaan modal dari pemerintah desa. Kepada pengurus BUMDes perlunya pengembangan inovasi unit usaha, serta peningkatan sumber daya manusia pengelola BUMDes melalui pelatihan. Selain itu peneliti selanjutnya perlu mengkaji lebih luas dinamika aktor dalam pengembangan BUMDes dengan pendekatan yang lebih beragam.

Kata Kunci: Pendekatan Aktor, Proses Politik Kebijakan BUMDes, Pendapatan Asli Desa

ABSTRACT

Wigati Astuti, 2210413220040, 2026 The Actor's Approach in the Political Process of Village-Owned Enterprise (BUMDes) Development Policy to Increase Village Original Income (PADes) in Bungai Jaya Village, Basarang District, Kapuas Regency. Under the guidance of Ms. Sandra Bhakti Mafriana.

This study aims to determine the actor's approach in the political process of village-owned enterprise development policy to increase village original income in Bungai Jaya Village, Basarang District, Kapuas Regency. BUMDes development is not only understood as an economic activity, but also the result of the political roles and interactions between village government actors, the Village Consultative Body (BPD), BUMDes administrators, and the community.

This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data were obtained through observation, interviews, documentation, and audiovisual materials. Data were then analyzed using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing techniques.

The research results indicate that the actor-led approach in the political process of BUMDes development policies to increase PADes (Village-Owned Enterprise) in Bungai Jaya Village is not yet fully optimal due to various obstacles, such as the unequal roles between actors in policy formulation during BUMDes evaluation deliberation meetings, the dominant role of village government actors in decision-making, changes in the BPD oversight mechanism, and issues related to BUMDes administrator honorariums. Furthermore, unit management faces constraints such as limited facilities and infrastructure, which impacts BUMDes' contribution to PADes.

Therefore, strengthening transparent, participatory, and accountable BUMDes governance, along with support for capital participation from the village government, is necessary. BUMDes administrators need to develop innovative business units and improve the human resources of BUMDes managers through training. Furthermore, future researchers need to examine the dynamics of actors in BUMDes development more broadly using a more diverse approach.

keywords: Actor Approach, BUMDes Policy Political Process, Village Original Income