RIVALDI, MUHAMMAD. 2026. Batasan Praktik Diskriminasi dalam Hukum           Persaingan Usaha: Analisis terhadap Penerapan Pasal 19 Huruf d            Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 dalam Putusan KPPU Nomor07/KPPU-I/2020. Program Magister Ilmu Hukum, Program Pascasarjana,          Universitas Lambung Mangkurat. Pembimbing: Dr. H. Rachmadi Usman,     S.H., M.H. 134 halaman.

ABSTRAK

Kata Kunci: Praktik Diskriminasi, Rule of Reason, Exclusionary Conduct, Persaingan Usaha, Putusan KPPU.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui batasan praktik diskriminasi dalam hukum persaingan usaha berdasarkan Pasal 19 huruf d Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999, penerapan Pasal 19 huruf d dalam Putusan KPPU Nomor 07/KPPU-I/2020, serta untuk mengetahui apakah pertimbangan hukum KPPU dalam putusan tersebut telah mencerminkan prinsip keadilan dan kepastian hukum. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yakni penelitian hukum normatif. Tipe penelitian adalah penelitian hukum normatif yang bersifat doktrinal (doctrinal research). Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan meliputi pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach), pendekatan kasus (case approach), dan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach). Sifat penelitian yakni preskriptif-analitis.

Hasil dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan adalah Pertama, batas praktik diskriminasi berdasarkan Pasal 19 huruf d pada dasarnya terletak pada adanya perlakuan berbeda yang menimbulkan hambatan akses pasar, mengurangi kesempatan bersaing pelaku usaha lain, dan menciptakan dampak anti-persaingan tanpa didasarkan pada alasan bisnis yang objektif (legitimate business justification). Tidak setiap perbedaan perlakuan dalam kegiatan usaha dapat dikategorikan sebagai praktik diskriminasi, karena strategi bisnis berbasis efisiensi masih dapat dibenarkan sepanjang tidak menimbulkan efek eksklusif (exclusionary effect). Kedua, penerapan Pasal 19 huruf d dalam Putusan KPPU Nomor 07/KPPU-I/2020 menunjukkan bahwa KPPU menilai tindakan Lion Air Group yang memprioritaskan kapasitas kargo kepada pihak tertentu sebagai praktik diskriminasi yang menghambat akses pasar. Namun demikian, pertimbangan hukum KPPU masih belum memberikan ukuran yang tegas untuk membedakan antara strategi bisnis berbasis efisiensi dengan tindakan anti-persaingan. Pendekatan KPPU cenderung bersifat quasi per se, di mana analisis lebih menitikberatkan pada keberadaan perlakuan berbeda alih-alih konsisten menggunakan pendekatan rule of reason yang komprehensif berbasis bukti ekonomi. Hal ini berpotensi menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum, sehingga diperlukan reformulasi parameter praktik diskriminasi yang lebih terukur guna menjamin keadilan dan kebebasan efisiensi usaha tanpa mencederai iklim persaingan yang sehat.

RIVALDI, MUHAMMAD. 2026. The Limits of Discriminatory Practices in     Business Competition Law: An Analysis of the Application of Article 19        Letter d of Law Number 5 of 1999 in KPPU Decision Number 07/KPPU   I/2020. Master of Law Program, faculty of Law, Postgraduate Program,          Lambung Mangkurat University. Advisor: Dr. H. Rachmadi Usman, S.H.,            M.H. 134 Page.

ABSTRACT

Keywords: Discriminatory Practices, Rule of Reason, Exclusionary Conduct, Business Competition, KPPU Decision.

The purpose of this study is to determine the limits of discriminatory practices in business competition law based on Article 19 letter d of Law Number 5 of 1999, the application of Article 19 letter d in KPPU Decision Number 07/KPPU-I/2020, and to determine whether the legal considerations of the KPPU in the decision reflect the principles of justice and legal certainty. The research method used is normative legal research. The type of research is doctrinal legal research. The research approaches used are: Statute Approach, Case Approach, and Conceptual Approach. The nature of the research is prescriptive-analytical.

The results of the research conducted are as follows: First, the limits of discriminatory practices based on Article 19 letter d basically lie in the existence of different treatments that cause market access barriers, reduce the competitive opportunities of other business actors, and create anti-competitive effects without being based on objective business reasons (legitimate business justification). Not every difference in treatment in business activities can be categorized as a discriminatory practice, because efficiency-based business strategies can still be justified as long as they do not cause exclusionary effects. Second, the application of Article 19 letter d in KPPU Decision Number 07/KPPU-I/2020 shows that the KPPU considers the actions of the Lion Air Group, which prioritized cargo capacity to specific parties, as a discriminatory practice that hinders market access. However, the KPPU's legal considerations have not yet provided a strict measure to distinguish between efficiency-based business strategies and anti-competitive actions. The KPPU's approach tends to be quasi per se, where the analysis focuses more on the existence of different treatments rather than consistently using a comprehensive rule of reason approach based on economic evidence. This has the potential to create legal uncertainty, thus necessitating a reformulation of more measurable parameters for discriminatory practices to guarantee justice and the freedom of business efficiency without harming a healthy competition climate.